When it comes to Social Security Numbers (SSNs) in the United States, there are many myths and misconceptions, especially concerning SSNs that start with the number 9. This article aims to clarify the validity of SSNs starting with 9 and whether individuals with these SSNs can legally work as W-2 employees.
Understanding Social Security Numbers
Social Security Numbers are nine-digit numbers issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA) to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents. These numbers are crucial for tracking individuals for Social Security purposes, as well as for various other identification purposes.
SSNs Starting with 9: What Do They Mean?
SSNs beginning with the number 9 are often a point of confusion. Here’s what you need to know:
Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs): The most common association with an SSN starting with 9 is the ITIN. ITINs are issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to individuals who need a taxpayer identification number but are not eligible for an SSN. ITINs are formatted like SSNs but start with 9 and are meant solely for tax purposes.
Temporary and Alien Workers: Another scenario where an SSN might start with 9 involves temporary workers or non-citizens who are authorized to work in the U.S. These numbers are often issued to individuals on work visas or other temporary status. They are valid for work as long as the individual maintains their legal status in the country.
Social Security Numbers for Non-Work Purposes: The SSA can also issue SSNs starting with 9 for individuals who are not authorized to work but need an SSN for other legal purposes. These numbers are marked as “Not Valid for Employment.”
Can You Legally Work with an SSN Starting with 9?
Whether an individual with an SSN starting with 9 can legally work in the U.S. depends on the specific type of number they hold and their legal status. Here are the key distinctions:
ITIN Holders
Individuals with an ITIN are not authorized to work in the United States. ITINs are strictly for tax reporting purposes. Employers should not accept an ITIN as proof of work authorization. Attempting to work using an ITIN is illegal and can lead to significant legal consequences for both the employee and the employer.
Temporary Workers and Non-Citizens
For temporary workers and non-citizens who are authorized to work in the U.S., an SSN starting with 9 is valid for employment. These individuals must have appropriate documentation from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) confirming their work authorization. Employers must verify this documentation during the hiring process using the Form I-9.
Non-Work SSNs
SSNs issued for non-work purposes (marked “Not Valid for Employment”) cannot be used for employment. These numbers are granted for individuals who require an SSN for federal benefits or other legal requirements but do not have the authorization to work in the U.S.
How Employers Can Verify SSNs
Employers have a responsibility to verify the employment eligibility of their employees. This includes checking the validity of SSNs. Here are some steps employers can take:
Use E-Verify: E-Verify is a web-based system that allows businesses to determine the eligibility of their employees to work in the United States. It compares information from an employee’s Form I-9 to data from the SSA and DHS.
Check Documentation: Ensure that all provided documents are valid and unexpired. This includes work authorization documents issued by the DHS.
SSA Verification Services: Employers can use the SSA’s Social Security Number Verification Service (SSNVS) to verify that names and SSNs match SSA records.
Remember…
An SSN starting with 9 can be valid for employment, but only under specific conditions. ITINs, which also start with 9, are not valid for employment and are strictly for tax purposes. Temporary workers and certain non-citizens may have SSNs starting with 9 that are valid for employment, provided they have proper work authorization. Employers must diligently verify the work eligibility of their employees to comply with federal laws.
Understanding the nuances of SSNs starting with 9 is crucial for both employees and employers to ensure compliance with U.S. employment laws and avoid potential legal issues. If you have an SSN starting with 9, consult with an immigration attorney or tax professional to understand your specific situation and work authorization status.
